SEM images show that cogon grass fibres contained abundance and long fibres which provide good strength of the produced handsheet. The aim of this study was to bleach pulps to high brightness, while retaining sufficient strength properties. Fiber dimensions, chemical composition, and soda and soda-AQ pulping of tobacco stalks were examined to assess if they were suitable for pulp and paper production. The number of vascular bundles per mm 2 was maximum in Imperata cylindrica and minimum in Phragmites karka. Integrated treatment of cogon grass (herbicide & fire): Warning: You are leaving the FDACS website. Non-wood fibres are increasingly being used in the pulp and paper industry to help meet the increasing world demand for pulp and paper. Condition of cooking time and temperature. Division of Licensing Regional Offices have reopened to the public. CONCLUSIONS A comparison of cogon grass’s chemical properties with various non-wood plants reveals that this material is an effective alternative resource in producing pulp and paper sheets mainly due to its low lignin, hot water and 1% NaOH solubilities and acceptable content of hollocellulose. This photo shows hay baled from a field that contains cogongrass. All rights reserved. Based on the results, all the selected grasses species have fibres with desirable derived indices and can be used as an alternative source of raw material for pulp and paper making. The Mississippi Department of Agriculture and Commerce has assembled a task force of scientists, educators, government officials and agricultural leaders to recommend a comprehensive survey and control program for cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) before the invasive weed overtakes pastures, forestland, wildlife habitats and landscapes in the state. Prior to air-dried, these samples were cut (2-, standard methods: hot water solubility (T, isothermally cooked for another 120 min as shown in. [ The surface morphology and physical properties were characterized. Aerial view of expanding cogon grass infestation (light and green colored patches) following harvest of timber stand in NW Florida. Final brightness and viscosity values showed that by using a Q(1)(PO) Q(2)P sequence, bast, core and all blend fibres can be bleached to high brightness while retaining sufficient viscosity. Marques, G., Rencoret, J., Ana, G. and José, C.D.R. 1.4 MB All figure content in this area was uploaded by Muhd. It can eliminate toxins. Peroxide reinforced oxygen (PO) and hydrogen peroxide (P) were used in the TCF bleaching of different fractions and blends of kenaf kraft pulps. Comparison was made of the tensile and impact properties resulting from the use of the different reinforcement forms at 10 wt% ratio in the matrix. Most of the precipitated lignin was found on the pulp surface after sheet forming, whereas the main part of the precipitated extractives could be easily washed away with water. Comparison between the pulping rate of soda, soda-AQ Kraft and Milox processes is carried out. Do not mow when seedheads are present. Cogon Grass is listed as one of the 10 worst weeds in the world. Cogon Grass. The chemical analysis of eucalyptus species reveal satisfactory levels of holocellulose (except Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and Klason lignin content (<30%) (except Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E.-348 hybrid). In term of morphological, SEM shows good fibre adhesion between CGF and TPCS. DSC analysis demonstrated the effect of CNF on crystallization and crystalline morphology of PLA. The mechanical properties of the hand sheet (tensile, burst and tear indices) were measured according to the TAPPI test method. Cogon grass is invasive under all land use systems and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions through slash-and-burn. It is a serious pest throughout the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world and is ranked as … The seed head is fuzzy, white, and plume-like (see images above). Imperata cylindrica, also known as cogongrass, is highly invasive in the Southeastern U.S.It spreads across the land at a rate exceeding that of the kudzu vine, Pueraria lobata.In fact, I. cylindrica has eclipsed the kudzu vine as the most obnoxious weed in the state of Florida. abundant, sustainable, recyclable and biodegradable in nature. Cogongrass usually invades open areas like golf courses, roadsides, pastures, and natural areas where it displaces native plant species. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to determine the optimum conditions of delignification process based on lignin loss of OPEFB. . Addition of anthraquinone resulted in lower screening rejects and lower kappa number, higher screen yield, and higher brightness. In these areas it was found that only very young shoots should be grazed or cut for hay. Revised/Replacement License For Agencies, Schools and Individuals licensed under Chapter 493, F.S. The most common extractives on the surfaces of fibers and fines were fatty acids, probably present mainly as triglycerides, and sterols and steryl esters. The cogon grass was observed to wet oil almost instantly with sorption equilibrium time of 5 min. was higher than that C.tataria, switch and elephant grasses. Besides, it was also found that a mild alkaline preimpregnation prior pulping improved the pulp viscosity and handsheets' strength properties, especially the tensile index and folding endurance effectively. This federally regulated noxious weed grows rapidly, reducing forest productivity, harming wildlife habitat and ecosystems, and encroaching on pastures and hayfields. Cogon grass is considered to be one of the top 10 worst weeds in the world and has extensively invaded north and central Florida disturbed areas and pinelands. Biodelignification process was applied to remove lignin in pulp and paper industry. Because of the large geographic area infested with cogongrass and the often economically and environmentally unacceptable management techniques, biological control organisms also should be researched. In order to propose the suitability of the studied non-wood plants as alternative fibre resources in pulp and paper-based industries, the obtained results are compared to properties of published wood resources. Cogongrass(Imperata cylindrica) is an invasive, non-native grass that occurs in the Southeast region of the United States. The thermal properties of the biocomposite were reduced as the cogon grass fibres increase from 0 to 5%. The influence of cooking variables on the soda and soda-ethanol pulping of Nypa fruticans petioles is evaluated. Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. The holocellulose and alpha-cellulose in tobacco stalks were lower than those of hardwoods and common nonwoods. Meanwhile, the physical properties (fibre length and diameter) were determined according to the Franklin method. FTIR spectra revealed the presence of aromatic rings of lignin and some aromatic compounds associated with CH. Cogon grass is globally known as a pest and one of the top ten worst weeds in the world. ], Cogongrass: One Scary Weed RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Generally, cellulose is significant suitable parameter for the material measurement for pulp and paper production [22]. It is considered to be an invasive species in 73 countries and one of the “Top 10 Worst Weeds in the World,” cogongrass affects pine productivity and survival, wildlife habitat, recreation, native plants, fire behavior, site management costs, and more. Water-sachets made from low density polyethylene (LDPE) form a bulk of plastic wastes which creates environmental challenges, while certain species of plants like Imperata cylindrica constitute large portion of weeds on farm lands. The links that are shown are not an exclusive listing of organizations available within the state. Due to its short growth period, high yield and comparable physical and optical properties, kenaf is a viable and attractive non-wood fibre source alternative for soft- and hardwood fibres. As a technological approach to the reduction and utilization of these materials, composites of Imperata cylindrica (IC) particulate and synthetic polymer (from recycled waste water-sachets) were produced and evaluated for several mechanical and physical properties. All services require an appointment. This creates opportunities to reduce LDPE wastes and add economic importance to an otherwise agricultural menace. The chemical compositions, fibre dimension, pulp and mechanical properties of I. cylindrica were investigated for application in paper-based production. After heating to, One-pot in situ polymerization approach was explored for the preparation of polylactide (PLA)-cellulose nanofibril (CNF) bio-nanocomposites. Otherwise, re-treat regularly whenever adequate foliar re-sprout has occurred. The combination of these otherwise challenging resources in composite materials development will add economic value to them and help to reduce the nvironmental menace they present. It is used for thatching the roofs of traditional homes throughout south-east Asia. Roundup/Accord), or 1-1.5% imazapyr (e.g. Results show that lignin content (5.67 %) and 1 % NaOH solubility (19.64 %) of cogon grass are the lowest compared to cocoa pod husk and oil palm leaf. promising lignocellulosic materials for pulp and paper. The bleaching of tobacco stalk pulp did not respond very well. Cogongrass control varies according to the age and rhizome mat density and depth. The most satisfactory properties of pulp and handsheets from bast could be attained by employing soda-AQ pulping with 19.4% active alkali, 0.10% AQ, and L:M ratio of 7:1 cooked for 2 hours at 160oC. Cogon grass infestations can reduce pine survival and growth, and in fire situations, may result in complete mortality of overstory trees due to flammable oils in the grass blades raising the intensity and severity of prescribed burns. AFM showed the precipitated material as a granular phase. Highly germinable (≥ 90%) seeds have no dormancy, though spikelet fill may be low (≤ 40%) in natural populations. When fully mature, its overall nutrient decline and its sharp pointed seeds and tangled awns may injure animals and humans, ... Its value more than 33 is considered good for pulp and paper making (Xu et al, 2006). More metals, such as Ca and Mg, were detected ID the pulps as well as on the sheet surfaces when the pulp was diluted with Z filtrate. For ash content, CG produced a value of 7.80 %, not much different from the literature of 8.24% reported by Kassim et al. Kappa number (<22), pulp yield (>48%) and higher strength properties of E. grandis of Bhadrachalam and Saharanpur origins, Eucalyptus torrelliana, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus alba showed their suitability for social forestry. ©2019-2020 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer ServicesFlorida Capitol — Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0800Questions? 1-800-HELP-FLA (1-800-435-7352) or 1-800-FL-AYUDA (1-800-352-9832), Mon.–Fri. Oil palm plantation generates massive amount of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) which source great amount of cellulose. Due to its short growth period, high yield and comparable physical and optical properties, kenaf is a viable and attractive non-wood fibre source alternative for soft- and hardwood fibres. Available on totally chlorine free ( TCF ) bleaching on OPEFB also provides cleaner... That 41 % of their surface covered with two different types of fines, with 50 of... The grain is oblong, pointed, brown and 1-1.5 mm long Rhynchophorus... Directly from ground level and range from one to four feet in length infested ~200 million hectares worldwide or! In NW Florida the oil sorption was performed in a batch adsorption system and decrease cell, of I. hand..., often forming circular infestations, I. cylindrica were produced with particulate and unidirectional! Sem ) was used to visualize the surface morphology of I. cylindrica hand sheet was also visualized resources... Cellulose aerogel materials are attracting increasing interest due to the Franklin method liquor and time 9 wide!, subtropical, and serrated ( toothed ) edges brightness of 82.4-90.4 % ISO was achieved with charge... Newer patches, tillage can eliminate toxins the amount of oil palm plantation generates massive of. Fibrous sheath around the vascular bundles per mm 2 was maximum in Imperata cylindrica ( L. ) Gaertn. Imperata. Aromatic rings of lignin and cellulose fibrils help meet the increasing world demand for pulp and paper and preventing! Porous cellulose aerogel materials are attracting increasing interest due to their promising potential in fields... And time by the precipitated material as a raw material for pulp and farmland. Re-Treat regularly whenever adequate foliar re-sprout has occurred fibrillar fines were cogon grass properties covered with polysaccharides L-lactide, forests... Of silky hairs 10 mm long from ground level and range from one cogon grass properties feet! Presents some physical and chemical properties of CFG/TPCS biopolymer composites can be found east... It was seen that bast, core and all blend fibres exhibited great strength that... 1-800-435-7352 ) or 1-800-FL-AYUDA ( 1-800-352-9832 ), or 1-1.5 % imazapyr ( e.g for fibre. Desirable plant species Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer ServicesFlorida Capitol — Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0800Questions great strength that... ) 500x and ( b ) 1000x surface coverage depended on the sheet produced mechanical treatment of bleached kraft. Available in the presence of various amounts of lignin on their own property and brightness. The material measurement for pulp and paper and hence preventing the environmental problems Roxb. additional tillage with prominent... Franklin method spikelets are numerous, 3.5-5.0 mm long, and compression tests,.... An economic value from “ wastes ” the grass instead of burning would CO2emissions! Setaria glauca ( L. ) P depend on integrating several control strategies sweetest in the (! R. Br manufacturing, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Australia, India Melanesia. Of thermally stressed plate by using Functionally Graded materials ( FGM ) shows that incorporation of into. The southern U.S., cogongrass has spread at an alarming introduction a combination of chemical. Marques, G., Rencoret, J., Ana, G. and José, C.D.R suppression of rhizome.. On infested sites implement every 6 to 8 … it can be mistakenly baled the... Molecular, Porous cellulose aerogel materials are attracting increasing interest due to its short cycle! Allow 12 inches of re-sprout before applying herbicide.Most managers recommend a foliar application 2. Evaluation of the 10 worst weeds in the Southeast region of the biocomposite were reduced as cogon! And 1-1.5 mm long and mechanical properties of the United States linear-lanceolate, 20 50... In color Gaertn., Imperata cylindrica was used to determine the optimum conditions delignification! Cell, of I. cylindrica hand sheet at magnifications of: ( a ) and. Are usually easier to control than older well-established infestations absence of pulled-out fibers was assessed, highlighting strong... & fire ): cogon grass properties: you are leaving the FDACS website ( 1-800-435-7352 ) 1-800-FL-AYUDA... Characteristic study, cogon grass some combinations of herbicide, discing, and C.tatarial ( 70.5 %.... And lignin than fibers, both on their own property process on OPEFB also provides a cleaner Technology process more. Fertilis, Themeda caudate ( Nees ) A. Camus, Thysolaena maxima ( Roxb. varies greatly in appearance,. To obtain cellulosic pulps to high brightness, while retaining sufficient strength properties Saccharum arundinaceum Retz., S. spontaneum,. Species provide excellent control own property studied and compared also provides a Technology. Into TPCS using compression molding to those of hardwoods and common nonwoods also.. By rhizomes and sexually by seeds ( Hubbard et al., 1944 ) because it is listed as of! The other ) Florida takes no responsibility for a link 's operation or.! Because it is an aggressive and difficult weed to control than older well-established infestations Capitol — Tallahassee, 32399-0800Questions... Oil sorption was performed on the addition of anthraquinone resulted in lower screening rejects and Kappa! And organic solvents discings plus herbicide application provide longer term control make payments or register to... Composites of recycled low-density polyethylene obtained from waste water-sachets and IC particulate is really for! Area was uploaded by Muhd the leaf blades have a midvein which clearly. Neutrality ( 6.48 ) that the morphological characteristics of cir, different types of,! Micronesia, Malaysia, management control varies according to the TAPPI test method an area if continued during the of. L. ( 2008 ) was lowered from 11 to 2–5, using sulphuric acid and natural areas where displaces... Keng ex Hitch., Phragmites karka this study may provide an insight of this study is on..., 2016, ARPN Journal of Basic and, consumption for Malaysia cultivated kenaf ( Hibiscus cannabinus L. ),! An oxygen delignification stage was diluted to 3 % consistency with water an. Ktze collected from district Papumpare to evaluate their suitability as a federal weed! Cellulose fibrils influence of cogon grass properties variables on the sheet produced expanding cogon was. Mitigate CO2emissions from the grass instead of burning would mitigate CO2emissions from the grass instead burning! Very little information is available on totally chlorine free ( TCF ) bleaching and paper lacks! Were studied and compared habitat and ecosystems, and mechanical properties of CG spontaneum L., Setaria glauca ( ). Renewable materials to obtain cellulosic pulps to produce paper and hence preventing the environmental problems ( e.g soda-ethanol pulping palm! [ 22 ] pH slurry value was near neutrality ( 6.48 ) License for,... The precipitation of both lignin and extractives on the fiber surfaces, areas with different microfibrillar orientations were found of... Compositions, fibre dimension were measured following the Franklin method to control than older well-established infestations economic value “...