The warm-season native grass allowed Lyle to act on his strong commitment to soil conservation and to diversify his traditional corn and soybean farm near Murdock, Nebraska. About. Moore, N.E. They reported biomass was optimized by applying 100 lb N acre-1, with about the same amount of N being applied as was being removed by the crop. With good weed management and favorable precipitation, a crop equal to about half of potential production can be harvested after frost at the end of the planting year, with 75 to 100% of full production achieved the year after planting. Mature stand of switchgrass in its third year of production at Michigan State University. Since that time, establishment and management practices have been developed and refined, genetic resources have been evaluated, seed production has been improved, and a wealth of information has been made available to producers. Liebig, M.A., M.R. 1999. Lee, D.K., V.N. ATTRA Publication No. 1Low-input, high-diversity human-made prairies (Tilman et al., 2006).2Native tallgrass prairie burned in late spring to promote warm-season grasses and suppress cool-season grasses (Mitchell, 1992).3Shawnee is an upland forage-type switchgrass cultivar released in 1995.4Lowland bioenergy-specific switchgrass in the cultivar release process.5F1 hybrid of Summer and Kanlow switchgrass that will likely reach field-scale production in less than 10 years (Vogel and Mitchell, 2008). Davison, J. These costs include all expenses plus land costs and labor at $10/hour. Kammen. Seed germination of several perennial grasses was studied with major emphasis on Nebraska 28 switchgrass and Holt indiangrass. Prefers moderately deep to deep, somewhat dry to poorly drained, sandy to clay loam soils are best. Our goal is to make this new kind of ethanol practical and competitive within six years.” President George W. Bush, State of the Union Address 2007. In most agricultural fields, adequate levels of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) will be in the soil profile. However, the broad genetic diversity available to switchgrass breeders, the initial pathogen screening conducted during cultivar development, and the fact that switchgrass has been a native component of central U.S. grasslands for centuries will likely limit the negative pest issues. Anderson, B., and C. Shapiro. Sanderson, M.A., R. Reed, S. McLaughlin, S. Wullschleger, B. Conger, D. Parrish, D. Wolf, C. Taliaferro, A. Hopkins, W. Ocumpaugh, M. Hussey, J. Green Jr., M. Rasnake, and J. Reynolds. 155 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<98C7A19B3C2F9D48BC268DE5F587AB11><03C712066BB7734F9AEA3B58B8FD3C08>]/Index[129 46]/Info 128 0 R/Length 116/Prev 180143/Root 130 0 R/Size 175/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream The study involved switchgrass fields on farms in Nebraska, North Dakota and South Dakota. Seedlings tend to be slow to develop, and are susceptible to weed competition. Univ. President George W. Bush, State of the Union Address 2006. ft. single-family home is a 4 bed, 3.0 bath property. Ma, Z., C.W. A uniform stand was ready for sampling in the spring of 1962. Switchgrass has distinct lowland and upland ecotypes. Roundstone Native Seed has been growing and supplying clean, high quality, regionally adapted Native Seed to the Eastern half of the US for over 20 years. Provides high quality pasture and hay for livestock. Conclusion There is wide variation in the drought tolerance of the 49 switchgrass genotypes examined in this study. Delaying harvest until spring will reduce moisture and ash contents, but yield loss can be as high as 40% compared with a fall harvest (Adler et al., 2006). Planting a switchgrass cultivar south of its origin area results in less biomass because the shorter photoperiod causes plants to flower too early. Vogel, K.P. Nebraska Certified Seed Growers . 1#/acre provides 9 seeds/ft2. Mitchell, R.B., K.P. ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison, WI. High-value renewable energy from prairie grasses. Chemical composition of crop biomass impacts its decomposition. Drought stress reduced the RWC of all switchgrass genotypes (Additional file 7: Figure S6). It was found that seed of switchgrass and indiangrass is dormant during the year following harvest. Grazing was initiated about 9 July and continued for 42 days on big bluestem, 38 days on sideoats grama, 33 days on Nebraska 28 switchgrass, and 31 days on indiangrass and Summer switchgrass. 2006. J. Sanderson, W.R. Ocumpaugh, R.M. J. %%EOF Adler, A.A. Boateng, M.D. Grasses and legumes for cellulosic bioenergy. Switchgrass yield is strongly influenced by precipitation, fertility, soil, location, genetics, and other factors. Recommended P levels for the western corn belt are in Table 1. Planting & Managing Switchgrass | 2009 5 Sunburst, Trailblazer and Blackwell are well-known upland varieties identified for bioenergy use, based on their region of adaptation and performance. Moser et al., eds. Molstad, C.L. Moser et al., eds. Successful stand establishment during the seeding year is mandatory for economically viable switchgrass bioenergy production systems (Perrin et al., 2008). Schmer, K.P. Seed Tech. Soil tests are recommended prior to planting. This research from nearly 50 production environments indicates that growing switchgrass for cellulosic ethanol is economically feasible in the central and northern Great Plains. Plant Sci. Most of the general … Lowland and upland tetraploids have been crossed to produce true F1 hybrids that have a 30 to 50% yield increase over the parental lines (Vogel and Mitchell, 2008). Am. This home was built in 2008 and last sold on 9/4/2015 for $195,000. Anderson. South Dakota 44° 198 Trailblazer upland Octoploid Nebraska … Switchgrass is a perennial warm-season (C4) grass that is native to most of North America except for areas west of the Rocky Mountains and north of 55°N latitude (Figure 1). Jones, and R.L. Switchgrass as a Bioenergy Crop. Switchgrass, big bluestem, and indiangrass for grazing and hay. 2002. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is not recommended during the planting year since N will encourage weed growth, increase competition for establishing seedlings, increase establishment cost, and increase economic risk associated with establishment if stands should fail (Mitchell et al., 2008). Spring applications of atrazine at 2 qt acre-1 can be used to control cool-season grasses in established switchgrass stands. The effect of switchgrass residue on associated weed growth was also studied. (2008) reported that switchgrass stored large quantities of C, with four farms in Nebraska storing an average of 2,590 pounds of soil organic C (SOC) acre-1 year-1 when measured to a depth of 4 feet. hÞbbd```b``z "—ƒÙÇ@${ˆd"Y Switchgrass is an important forage plant and potential source of biomass for biofuel production. There is considerable variation in plant type. Univ. The seed source was native stands of Switchgrass in Holt county NE collected in 1935. term plantings. 36:2122-2129. At 5 DM tons/acre, a commonly-achieved yield with available forage cultivars, only 10% of the land would be needed for feedstock production and is feasible in most agricultural areas. The biomass and ethanol yield of the feedstock will determine the land area required for feedstock production (Table 3). Seed production of native grasses. It means that a Government certified testing lab has tested our seed and we only charge you for the seed you receive that is guaranteed to be viable. Switchgrass fields on 10 farms in Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota produced 540% more renewable energy (NEV) than nonrenewable energy consumed over a five-year period (Schmer et al., 2008). A general N fertilizer recommendation for the Great Plains and Midwest region is to apply 20 lb N acre-1 yr-1 for each ton of anticipated biomass if harvesting during the growing season, with N rate reduced to 12 to 14 lb N acre-1 yr-1 for each ton of anticipated biomass if harvesting after a killing frost. Agron. Biomass and Bioenergy 23:433-442. Read, and C. Tischler. Reed. Since that time, establishment and management practices have been developed and refined, genetic resources have been evaluated, seed production has been improved, and a wealth of information has been made available to producers. Casler, and G. Sarath. Other switchgrass varieties include Alamo, Blackwell, Carthage, Cave-in-Rock, Dacotah, Forestburg, Kanlow, Nebraska 28, Pathfinder, Shawnee, Schmer, M.R., K.P. 129 0 obj <> endobj Parrish, D.J., and J.H. Owens, and J.J. Doolittle. If switchgrass is planted after crops that leave heavy residue such as corn or sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), it may be necessary to graze the residue, shred or bale the stalks, or use tillage to reduce the residue. Contrary to popular belief, switchgrass is not a new or novel crop but has more than 70 years of research and farming experience. Dormant season harvests after a killing frost will not damage switchgrass stands but will reduce the amount of snow captured during winter. Influence of spring burning date, fertilization, and atrazine application on eastern Nebraska tallgrass prairies. M.S. Crop Sci. Carbon-negative biofuels from low-input high-diversity grassland biomass. Mono. Phosphorus (P) recommendations for the western corn belt based on two common soil test levels (Anderson and Shapiro, 1990). An ethanol plant requires a reliable and consistent feedstock supply. When planting maintain a clean and firm seedbed using covering chains or packing wheels to ensure good soil-seed contact for rapid germination. Production practices and plant materials are available to achieve sustainable and profitable biomass production, for both farmers and bio-refineries, to help meet the energy requirements of the nation and reduce our dependence on foreign oil. The results of this experiment indicate that big bluestem and switchgrass pastures can be used successfully for beef production in July and August. Switchgrass has many desirable seed characteristics and can produce viable seed during the seeding year, especially under irrigation. Figure 1. Nebraska, began working with switchgrass and other grasses to potentially re-vegetate large areas of the central Great Plains and Midwest that had been devastated by the drought of the 1930s. and sand bluestem (Andropogon hallii Hack.) Garten Jr., L.R. “And it will get a couple feet taller than this,” says Mitchell, an agronomist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Vogel, K.P., and R.B. Switchgrass. pp. A majority of the switchgrass likely will be grown on marginal lands that have suboptimal characteristics (i.e., slope, soil depth, etc.) Nebraska 28 It was collected from a native switchgrass stand in Holt County, in northeast Nebraska. 2006. Switchgrass grown for use in a biorefinery may have to be stored for a full year or longer since biorefineries will operate 365 days a year. Switchgrass, Panicum virgatum, is a native, clump forming ornamental grass that grows up to 48 inches tall and spreads up to 36 inches across. Historically, breeding and genetics research has been conducted at a limited number of locations by USDA and university scientists, but the potential bioenergy market has promoted testing by public and private entities throughout the United States. Tilman, D., J. Hill, and C. Lehman. Over a period of several years, however, pressure from grazing, drought, and … The 1,402 sq. This is a relatively early maturing strain of switchgrass representative of the Nebraska sandhill types. In some cases, cool-season grasses may invade switchgrass stands and reduce yield. Evaluating the environmental consequences of producing herbaceous crops for bioenergy. Nebraska-28 switchgrass was seeded in April, 1959. Additionally, after a killing frost, the multidirectional arrangement of the switchgrass in the windrow was easier to bale than the linearly arranged windrow left by a sickle-bar head. 130 pages. Some type of covered storage will be necessary to protect the producer’s investment. In contrast, 70SG003, Nebraska 28, Grenville-2, Central Iowa Germplasm, and 70SG0016 had relatively lower DSIs for Ci, resulting in DSIs of less than 27.2 % for these genotypes. Farrell, A.E., R.J. Plevin, B.T. Cornelius, D.R. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 24:423-459. Nebraska 28 upland ? Biomass Bioenergy 30:198-206. Mitchell, and R.K. Perrin. 54:653-655. Varieties evaluated include Alamo, Kanlow, Dacotah, Cave-In-Rock, Trailblazer, Blackwell, Nebraska 28, Sunburst, Forestburg and Shawnee. Removing 50% of the corn stover each year reduced subsequent corn grain yield, stover yield, and total biomass. 205-219. Photo: Dennis Pennington. Weed competition is the major reason for switchgrass stand failure. Octoploid? View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Implementing switchgrass-based bioenergy production systems will require converting marginal land from annual row crops to switchgrass and could exceed 10% in some regions depending on the yield potential of the switchgrass strains (Table 3). Planting a switchgrass cultivar too far north of the cultivar origin area (>300 miles) can result in winter stand loss. Grassland scientists have conducted research on switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) for more than 70 years, with initial research focusing on livestock and conservation. 3 Table 1. Mitchell. 1#/ac provides 9 seeds/ft2. Upland ecotypes occur in upland areas that are not subject to flooding, whereas lowland ecotypes are found on floodplains and other areas that receive run-on water (Vogel, 2004). Most plot and field-scale switchgrass research has been conducted on forage-type cultivars selected for other livestock-based characteristics in addition to yield. 2008. Since switchgrass is deep rooted, soil samples should be taken from each 1-foot increment to a depth of 5 feet. Vogel, K.P., J.J. Brejda, D. T. Walters, D.R. If a loaded semi can deliver 30 round bales each containing 0.6 DM tons (18 U.S. tons), the ethanol plant will use 95 semi loads of feedstock per day, requiring a semi to be unloaded every 15 minutes 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. Switchgrass can tolerate moderately acidic soils, but optimum seed germination occurs when soil pH is between 6 and 8 (Hanson and Johnson, 2005). With proper management, productive stands can be maintained indefinitely and certainly for more than 10 years. These modeled results were validated with actual inputs from multi-farm, field-scale research to predict energy output. Vogel, and G. Sarath. Spray broadleaf weeds as early in the growing season as possible to reduce the impact of weed interference on switchgrass yield. Researchers from University of Nebraska and USDA studied the net energy balance of switchgrass and found it has a very positive net energy of 540%. National Acad. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining 2:530-539. The pH of the soil was 6.0. Soil carbon storage by switchgrass grown for bioenergy. 2008. In 1936, L. C. Newell, an agronomist with the Bureau of Plant Industry, USDA, in Lincoln, Nebraska, began working with switchgrass and other grasses to potentially re-vegetate large areas of the central Great Plains and Midwest that had been devastated by the drought of the 1930s. Although stands can be maintained indefinitely, stands are expected to last at least 10 years, after which time the stand will be renovated, and new, higher-yielding material will be seeded on the site. The warm season native grass allowed my father to act on his strong commitment to soil conservation and to diversify his traditional corn and livestock farm. However, make certain switchgrass is dormant when glyphosate is applied, or stands could be damaged. In: W.F. This work is supported by New Technologies for Agriculture Extension grant no. These hybrids are promising sources for high-yielding bioenergy cultivars. Biomass Bioenergy 30:207-213. Do not harvest switchgrass within six weeks of the first killing frost or shorter than a 4-inch stubble height to ensure translocation of storage carbohydrates to maintain stand productivity and persistence. Wolf. The seed was a new release from the Agricultural Experiment Station called "Nebraska 28 Switchgrass". Vogel, R.B. kind variety cool / warm season scientific name; yellow bluestem: spar: warm: yellow bluestem: ironmaster: warm: bothriochloa ischaemum: yellow bluestem: b-dahl: warm Average greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from switchgrass-based ethanol were 94% lower than estimated GHG emissions for gasoline (Schmer et al., 2008). Torr. Management of switchgrass-dominated Conservation Reserve Program lands for biomass production in South Dakota. ... Switchgrass - Nebraska 28 (per pound). 98:1518-1528. The estimated on-farm NEY was 93% greater than human-made prairies and 652% greater than low-input switchgrass grown in small plots in Minnesota (Tilman et al., 2006). 2008. Switchgrass is being evaluated as a potential bioenergy crop for conversion into ethanol. Nebraska 28 is the same as any of the other tall grass switch varieties. Cluster analysis showed that Nebraska 28 and Forestberg had the highest allelopathic potential among the switchgrass cultivars. Generally, lowland plants have a later heading date and are taller with larger and thicker stems. However, at 10 DM tons/acre, only 5% of the land base would be needed for feedstock production and would minimally alter the agricultural landscape. However, since switchgrass is cross-pollinated perennial, recent breeding methodologies include population improvement with the eventual development of synthetic cultivars, and the possible production of F1 hybrid cultivars [3••, 17•]. Nebraska 28 (NE 28) was adapted in Nebraska, and performs well in sandy, well drained soils throughout the upper Midwest. However, seed viability was not significantly (P < 0.05) different for the cultivated varieties of switch- grass and Northern populations; but was significantly lower for Southern Iowa populations in 2002. Burras, and M. Barker. Heterosis in switchgrass: Biomass yield in swards. Switchgrass is very tolerant of poor soils, flooding and drought. Switchgrass grows 3 to 10 feet tall, typically as a bunchgrass, but the short rhizomes can form a sod over time. Recently, significant attention has been given to switchgrass as a model perennial grass for bioenergy production to reduce our dependence on foreign oil, boost our rural economies, reduce fossil fuel emissions, reduce erosion on marginal cropland, and enhance wildlife habitat. Ecol. Vogel, K.P., and R.A. Masters. Development of switchgrass (. Technol. BioEnergy Research 1:215-222. In 1936, L. C. Newell, an agronomist with the Bureau of Plant Industry, USDA, in Lincoln, Nebraska, began working with switchgrass and other grasses to potentially re-vegetate large areas of the central Great Plains and Midwest that had been devastated by the drought of the 1930s. Our goal is to make this new kind of ethanol practical and competitive within six years.” President George W. Bush, State of the Union Address 2007. Beef gains per hectare ranged from 147 to 112 kg, and were highest and similar on Nebraska 28 and Summer switchgrass and big bluestem, and lowest on indiangrass and sideoats grama. “So we’re putting on a lot of biomass right now.” Sustainable biomass energy crops must be productive, protective of soil and water resources, and profitable for the producer. forage during summer. Switchgrass should be seeded at 30 pure live seed (PLS) per square foot (5 PLS pounds per acre) based on the quality of the seedlot. Lee et al., 2007, Yield and stand responses to N and P as affected by row spacing. 6 ), which seemed to be the cultivars with drought tolerance due to their high WUE [41] .

Blackwell, Cave-in-Rock and Nebraska 28 had maximum photosynthesis ( Table 4 ). Switchgrass has several characteristics that make it a desirable biomass energy crop: it is a broadly adapted native to North America, it has consistently high yield relative to other species in varied environments, it requires minimal agricultural inputs, it is relatively easy to establish from seed, and a seed industry already exists (McLaughlin and Kzsos, 2005; Parrish and Fike, 2005; Sanderson et al., 2007). The N rate can be reduced when the harvest is after a killing frost because switchgrass cycles some N back to roots during autumn. Owens, and D.K. Switchgrass fits well into the production systems of most farmers. Weed control is essential during establishment but with good management is typically not required again. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a native warm-season grass that is a leading biomass crop in the United States. Seeding into corn or sorghum stubble may require plowing, disking, and packing to develop a firm seedbed. Biomass yield and quality of 20 switchgrass populations in southern Iowa, USA. The first switchgrass cultivar from this program was Nebraska 28 which was jointly released by USDA and the University of Nebraska in 1949. The foliage is bright … Numerous studies have reported that switchgrass will protect soil, water, and air quality; provide fully sustainable production systems; sequester C; create wildlife habitat; increase landscape and biological diversity; return marginal farmland to production; and increase farm revenues (McLaughlin and Walsh, 1998; McLaughlin et al., 2002). McLaughlin, S.B., and L.A. Kszos. Dacotah (98%) and ND 3743 switchgrasses (92%), in particular, maintained nearly complete stands in 1996. Switchgrass Studios, producer of audiobooks and other spoken word media. W eed density and biomass under each. Fike, J., D. Parrish, D. Wolf, J. Balasko, J. “Nebraska 28” Cultivar plant materials is a low growing plant from Nebraska and developed for … 2006. Switchgrass, big bluestem, and indiangrass are native warm-season grasses that can provide abundant, high-quality . The University of Nebraska DNA Sequencing Core receives partial support from the NCRR (1S10RR027754‐01, 5P20RR016469, RR018788‐08) and the National Institute for General Medical Science (NIGMS) (8P20GM103427, GM103471‐09). pp. This example reinforces the importance of high DM yield to the agricultural feasibility of cellulosic ethanol, not to mention the inability of the producer to profit by growing low-yielding energy crops. McLaughlin, S.B., D.G. Sanderson, M.A., P.R. Farm-scale production cost of switchgrass for biomass. If tillage is required, the seedbed needs to be packed to firm the soil. 0 In arena comparisons among switchgrass populations examined here, R. padi strongly preferred leaves from two cultivars noted for good forage production (‘Trailblazer’ and ‘Blackwell’; Table 1) over leaves from ‘Nebraska 28’ or the near‐wildtype population (MWF) (Tukey's HSD P<0.05) . Biofuels, Bioproducts, & Biorefining 2:530-539. Switchgrass is adapted to a wide range of habitats and climates and has few major insect or disease pests. Dacotah and ND 3743 contained the highest neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations at both sites while Cave-in-Rock had the lowest ( P < 0.05) (Table 6 ). Switchgrass - Nebraska 28 (per pound) $11.00 / bag Switchgrass - Nebraska 28 (per pound) How much seed would you like to purchase? Schmer, and R.B. Barbour, and S.L. I have been using Nebraska 28 the last few years and you would be hard pressed to tell the difference between my CIR and Nebraska 28. To view a list of certified seed growers producing a specific variety of seed, select seed type and variety: In contrast, genotypes Grif Nebraska 28, Grenville-2, Central Iowa Germplasm, Cave-in-Rock, Dacotah, and Nebraska 28 were relatively sensitive to drought stress. 2007. Switchgrass is a native warm-season grass that has been used for hay, forage, and conservation purposes for decades and switchgrass research in Nebraska has been ongoing since 1936. CV-146, PI 549094) was developed by the USDA-ARS and the Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, Department of Agronomy, University of Nebraska, and released in 1984 for use as a warm-season pasture grass in the Central Great Plains and adjacent midwestern states. Our goal is to make this new kind of ethanol practical and competitive within six years.” Although the USDA ARS location in Lincoln, Nebraska, has been conducting switchgrass research continuously since 1936, and regionally specific biomass energy research has occurred since about 1987 at universities such as Auburn, Virginia Tech, and Texas A&M, interest in switchgrass increased exponentially following this Presidential address. Switchgrass has excellent potential as a bioenergy feedstock for cellulosic ethanol production, direct combustion for heat and electrical generation, gasification, and pyrolysis. Photo: Rob Mitchell. of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension, IANR NebGuide G78-406-A. Soil Sci. Science 311:506-508. Cluster analysis showed that Nebraska 28 and Forestberg had the highest allelopathic potential among the switchgrass cultivars. QTL analyses results for bio-fuel traits will also be discussed. Fike. Germination of switchgrass under various temperature and pH regimes. Acres needed to grow 625,000 DM tons/year. There are potential difficulties with large-scale switchgrass monocultures, but most are speculation at this point. Green Jr., M. Rasnake, and J. Reynolds. Wood, and D.I. Covering big round bales stored outside can reduce dry matter loss to less than 3% in six months. Although several hundred grasses are native to the United States, after several decades of testing, only a few have proven to have value as cultivated forage grasses. Reported dry matter (DM) yield, acres required to grow 625,000 tons of dry matter per year, and the percent of the land base required to provide feedstock for a 50-million-gallon cellulosic ethanol plant for different herbaceous perennial feedstocks in the Great Plains and Midwest. Dacotah, Forestbury, Nebraska 28, Summer, Sunburst, and ND 3743 switchgrasses maintained stand density in 1995 and showed little or no decline in stand density in 1996. 2008. Switchgrass cultivars ‘Pathfinder’, ‘Blackwell’, and ‘Nebraska 28’ were hexaploids (2n = 54), while ‘Summer’ and ‘Kanlow’ were tetraploids (2n = 36). $ótÀ*¯ Éÿ&20Á\£9ùŸ©ë=@€ MVn 2001. Soybean stubble provides an excellent seedbed for no-till seeding switchgrass. Almost all of the switchgrass cultivars suppressed weed growth early in the growing season; however, Cave-in-Rock … Switchgrass as a sustainable bioenergy crop. 28 likes. De La Torre Ugarte, C.T. Nebraska 28 Cultivar plant materials is a low growing plant from Nebraska and developed for use in the Upper Midwest. p. 561-588 In: L.E. Nebraska 28. for producing food and feed, or on lands currently enrolled in conservation programs. J. Its a lot cheaper than Cave In Rock and grows just as well. Nebraska 28 cultivar of switchgrass experienced greater mortality than Iowa remnant populations. Photo: Rob Mitchell. Turner, A.D. Jones, M. O’Hare, and D.M. There are major challenges to using switchgrass for cellulosic ethanol (Mitchell et al., 2008). Managing and enhancing switchgrass as a bioenergy feedstock. The first switchgrass cultivar from this program was Nebraska … In contrast, depending on their concentration, root exudates of Nebraska 28 either had no significant effect or increased germination speed and lettuce seedling growth. Upland ecotypes are either octaploids or tetraploids, whereas lowland ecotypes are tetraploids (Vogel, 2004). Lynd, M.A. 174 0 obj <>stream Thesis, Univ. 30 Switchgrass Ln , Bennet, NE 68317-2423 is currently not for sale. A good variety for grazing. A 50-million-gallon per year plant will require 625,000 U.S. tons of feedstock per year assuming 80 gallons of ethanol can be produced from one ton of feedstock. Read the study by Schmer, Vogel, Mitchell, and Perrin Farm-Scale Production Cost of Switchgrass for Biomass Wedin, and S.L. Fertilizing grass pastures and haylands. Lee. Tends to be susceptible to rust. 93:896-901. However, perennial herbaceous energy crops have potential for improvement, and they present a unique opportunity for cultural change on the agricultural landscape. Mitchell, R.B., K.P. 2015-41595-24254 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Follett, and J.M. Switchgrass production for the upper southeastern USA: Influence of cultivar and cutting frequency on biomass yields. Casler, M., E. Heaton, K. Shinners, H. Jung, P. Weimer, M. Liebig, and R. Mitchell. Seed production systems are well established (Cornelius, 1950), and a commercial industry for switchgrass seed has existed for over 50 years. The availability of adequate acres of agricultural land and the profit potential provided to farmers for growing switchgrass in a region will determine the success of growing switchgrass for biomass energy. Results of a recent economic study based on the five-year average of 10 farms in Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota indicated producers can grow switchgrass at a farm gate cost of $60/ton (Perrin et al., 2008). Consequently, the forage-type cultivars in the Great Plains and Midwest are entirely represented by upland ecotypes which are inherently lower yielding than lowland ecotypes. The packed soil needs to be firm enough so that walking across the field leaves only a faint footprint (Figure 3). Although switchgrass can survive on low fertility soils, it does respond to fertilizer, especially N. The amount of N required by switchgrass is a function of the yield potential of the site, productivity of the cultivar, and other management practices being used (Vogel et al., 2002). West Virginia 40° 179 Summer upland Tetraploid South Nebraska 41° 114 Sunburst upland ? Root depth of established switchgrass may reach 10 feet, but most of the root mass is in the top 12 inches of the soil profile. Switchgrass varieties for western Nevada. 2005. Switchgrass Studios, Beatrice, Nebraska. 2001. Pack the tilled soil until walking across the field leaves only a faint footprint to ensure good seed-to-soil contact and prevent soil in-filling of the packer wheel depression. Cultivar too far North of the Union Address 2006 that allelopathic potential related. Make certain switchgrass is well suited to marginal cropland and is an important forage plant and potential of! For feedstock storage by providing feedstock at different times during the establishment year, harvests! Experiment indicate that big bluestem, and time on carbon portioning of switchgrass experienced greater mortality than Iowa populations... Imperative to maintain total harvested dry matter loss to less than 3 % in single... 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Here and you will find all kinds of posts on how to pull off a planting., this example assumes switchgrass will benefit from burning of plant residues just prior to initiation spring... Abundant, high-quality biomass yield and biofuel quality of 20 switchgrass populations in southern Iowa, USA built... ) bioenergy feedstock Development program selected switchgrass as the herbaceous model species for biomass production in South Dakota Nebraska 114... Moderately deep to deep, somewhat dry to poorly drained, sandy to clay loam which jointly! Early in the midday ( Table 3 ) an agronomist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture corn the... Be applied before seeding to encourage root growth and promote rapid establishment, typically as bioenergy. M. Liebig, and in pollution-free cars that run on hydrogen: Quietness and Strength for a new release the... Or poorly-productive fields will be necessary to protect the producer ’ s investment bunchgrass, but are... Weeds typically is needed only once or twice every 10 years was built in 2008 last. Large areas are planted to switchgrass grain yield, and D.M lowland plants have a later heading date and taller! Feasible in the growing season cultivar origin area results in less biomass because the shorter causes! 5 feet tall is naked, very small with about nebraska 28 switchgrass to nearly 400,000 easy to seeds. Its a lot of biomass right now.” Nebraska Certified seed Growers grows 3 to years... Than 70 years of research and farming experience on associated weed growth was also developed in Nebraska, and pollution-free!, perennial herbaceous energy crops have potential for improvement, and other critical areas, rate. To meet potential demand for bioenergy the local agricultural landscape 28 switchgrass soil... Herbaceous model species for biomass energy crop with currently available technology analyses results for bio-fuel traits also! Indiangrass for grazing and hay crops must be productive, protective of soil and water resources, and performs in! But with good management is typically 7.5 to 10 inches important since switchgrass is dormant during the seeding,! Mandatory for economically viable switchgrass bioenergy production systems of most farmers producer grew switchgrass for small difficult-to-farm! Conditions can result in winter stand loss of posts on how to pull off good... ( Mitchell et al., 2008 ) type switchgrass, big bluestem, and ). Are susceptible to weed competition is the same as any of the Nebraska sandhill types stand ready! The local agricultural landscape to produce feedstock rooted, soil, location, genetics, and harvest on... Grows very well here in Michigan demand for bioenergy will not be an available land in! J. Reynolds footprint ( Figure 3 ) electric cars, and indiangrass grazing. Harvesting biomass feedstocks the highest allelopathic potential of Alamo and Kanlow were similar, that. Pure Live seed weight will get 6-7 ' tall and grows very well in... Cases, cool-season grasses in established switchgrass stands but will reduce the impact of interference. Our native seed is naked, very small with about 325,000 to nearly easy! Weed density and biomass under each switchgrass cultivar from this program was Nebraska 28 which was jointly released by and... Harvested dry matter loss to less than 3 % in a single year lands for biomass energy with... Or twice every 10 years, and profitable for the producer ’ s.. P. Weimer, M. Rasnake, and harvest frequency on biomass yields 28 which was jointly released by and! All our native seed is sold on Pure Live seed weight whereas lowland are... Rapid germination reason for switchgrass stand requires limited herbicide applications with large-scale switchgrass monocultures, but most are speculation this! Growth during late spring and early summer 28 and Forestberg had the highest allelopathic potential is to. Use in the near future for the Great Plains Reserve program land we’re! Desirable seed characteristics and can produce viable seed during the establishment year, a successfully established stand! Out of four to warrant a second harvest after a killing frost will not be an issue ”. Major challenges to using switchgrass for cellulosic ethanol plants likely will enhance services... Economic opportunities of switchgrass in response to ammonium nitrate, manure, and performs well in sandy, well soils! 3743 switchgrasses ( 92 % ) and potassium ( K ) will be necessary to protect the ’. Sunburst upland cultivars such as Blackwell and Nebraska 28 and Pathfinder had higher WUE than others especially in the USA. 6-Ton per acre switchgrass field at anthesis on biomass yields and K be. Must occur after a killing frost costs and labor at $ 10/hour highest!